A survey of the management and development of captive African elephant (Loxodonta africana) calves: birth to three months of age.

A Survey of the Management and Development of Captive African Elephant (<em>Loxodonta africana</em>) Calves: Birth to Three Months of Age

Birth statistics for African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants in human care: history and implications for elephant welfare.

African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) have lived in the care of humans for many years, yet there is no consensus concerning some basic parameters describing their newborn calves. This study provides a broad empirical basis for generalizations about the birth heights, birth weights, birth times and gestation periods of elephant calves born in captivity. I obtained da...

The Release of a Captive-Raised Female African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

Wild female elephants live in close-knit matrilineal groups and housing captive elephants in artificial social groupings can cause significant welfare issues for individuals not accepted by other group members. We document the release of a captive-raised female elephant used in the safari industry because of welfare and management problems. She was fitted with a satellite collar, and spatial an...

Loxodonta africana – African Elephant

Taxonomic notes: Preliminary genetic evidence suggests that there may be at least two species of African Elephant, namely the Savannah Elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the Forest Elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) (Roca et al. 2001, 2005). A third species, the West African Elephant, has also been postulated. The IUCN SSC African Elephant Specialist Group currently accepts the single species proposa...

Classification of African Elephant Loxodonta Africana Rumbles Using Acoustic Parameters and Cluster Analysis

It has been suggested that African savanna elephants Loxodonta africana produce 31 different call types (Langbauer 2000). Various researchers have described these calls by associating them with specific behavioural contexts. More recently Leong et al. (2003) have attempted to classify elephant call types based on their physical properties. They classified 8 acoustically distinct call types from...